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| Equipment >< Tool > |
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| Equipment |
A broader definition of a tool is an
entity used to interface between two or more domains that facilitates more
effective action of one domain upon the other. The most basic tools are
simple machines. For example, a crowbar simply functions as a lever. The
further out from the pivot point, the more force is transmitted along the
lever. A hammer typically interfaces between the operator's hand and the
nail the operator wishes to strike.
A telephone is a communication tool
that interfaces between two people engaged in conversation at one level.
And between each user and the communication network at another. It is in
the domain of media and communications technology that a counterintuitive
aspect of our relationships with our tools first began to gain popular
recognition. Marshall McLuhan famously said "We shape our tools. And then
our tools shape us." McLuhan was referring to the fact that our social
practices co-evolve with our use of new tools and the refinements we make
to existing tools.
Tools that have evolved for use in
particular domains can be given different assignations. For example, tools
designed for domestic use are often called utensils.
Observation has confirmed that that
multiple species can use tools, including monkeys, apes, several birds,
sea otters, and others. Philosophers originally thought that only humans
had the ability to make tools, until zoologists observed birds and monkeys
making tools. Now humans' unique relationship to tools is considered to
be that we are the only species that uses tools to make other tools.
Most anthropologists believe that the
use of tools was an important step in the evolution of mankind. Humans
evolved an opposable thumb - useful in holding tools - and increased dramatically
in intelligence, which aided in the use of tools. |
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